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Shemini Atzeretשְׁמִינִי עֲצֶרֶת

1 day (22 Tishrei); Simchat Torah follows on 23 Tishrei · 22 Tishrei

  • מקרא
  • הלכה
  • מנהג
  • מנהג עממי
  • נוהג מודרני
  • פרשנות
הגייה
shmi-NI a-TZE-ret
משך
ישראל: 1 day (also Simchat Torah)
תפוצות: 1 day (22 Tishrei); Simchat Torah follows on 23 Tishrei
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התרגום לעברית בהכנה. מוצג הטקסט המקורי.

ב־60 שניות

Shemini Atzeret, the “eighth day of assembly”, follows immediately after the seven days of Sukkot. The Torah names it as a holy day on which no work is done. Although it follows on from Sukkot, rabbinic tradition understands it as a festival in its own right: the four species are no longer taken, and in Israel people no longer sit in the sukkah. In the Musaf prayer the plea for rain, Tefillat Geshem, is said for the first time in the year, because the rainy season begins in the Land of Israel. Ashkenazi congregations say the Yizkor memorial prayer. In Israel Simchat Torah is celebrated on the same day; in the diaspora, where the festival lasts two days, Simchat Torah falls on the following day.

המועד הבא

החל מ יום ו׳, 22.10.2027

(כ״ב תשרי)

עד שבת, 23.10.2027

הדלקת נרות: 17:39

כל המועדים והזמנים

מתי חוגגים

  1. מתחיל

    יום שישי, 22 באוקטובר 2027, בשקיעה (17:57)

    הדלקת נרות: 17:39

    מסתיים

    יום שבת, 23 באוקטובר 2027, בצאת הכוכבים (18:44)

    יום אחד

  2. מתחיל

    יום רביעי, 11 באוקטובר 2028, בשקיעה (18:18)

    הדלקת נרות: 18:00

    מסתיים

    יום חמישי, 12 באוקטובר 2028, בצאת הכוכבים (19:04)

    יום אחד

  3. מתחיל

    יום ראשון, 30 בספטמבר 2029, בשקיעה (18:42)

    הדלקת נרות: 18:24

    מסתיים

    יום שני, 1 באוקטובר 2029, בצאת הכוכבים (19:28)

    יום אחד

זמנים עבור פראג · תפוצות

היסטוריה ומקורות

מקרא

After the seven days of Sukkot, the Torah establishes the eighth day as a “holy convocation” and an “atzeret”, with its own offerings.1,2,3

מקרא

The Books of Kings and Chronicles describe how Solomon, after the dedication of the Temple and the festival, sent the people home on the eighth day.4,5

הלכה⁂ לאימות

The Talmud understands Shemini Atzeret as a festival in its own right (regel bifnei atzmo), with its own Shehecheyanu blessing and its own name in the prayers.6

משמעות דתית

פרשנות

During Sukkot a total of seventy bulls were offered in the Temple, which the Talmud relates to the seventy nations of the world; on the eighth day only one bull – for Israel.7,8

פרשנות⁂ לאימות

A well-known midrashic image: a king who has invited his sons to a feast asks them to stay one more day, because “your parting is hard for me”. Shemini Atzeret is thus a day of intimate encounter.

מסורות עיקריות

מנהגתפוצותאשכנזים⁂ לאימות

In the diaspora people still eat in the sukkah, but without the blessing leishev ba-sukkah; some Hasidim no longer eat in the sukkah.9

מנהגישראל

In Israel the hakafot with the Torah scrolls begin in the evening, because Shemini Atzeret and Simchat Torah merge into one day.

איך נוהגים

הלכה

It is a festival day (yom tov): work is prohibited as on other festivals, while cooking and carrying for the needs of the festival are permitted.

הלכה

The four species are no longer taken; festival candles are lit and kiddush is said with Shehecheyanu.

תפילות וברכות

הלכה

In Musaf Tefillat Geshem (the prayer for rain) is recited, and from then until Passover the Amidah includes “mashiv ha-ruach u-morid ha-geshem”.10,11

מנהגאשכנזיםספרדים⁂ לאימות

Ashkenazim say the Yizkor memorial prayer. Sephardim have their own memorial prayers (hashkavot) arranged differently.

מנהגתפוצות

In the diaspora the reading is the passage from Deuteronomy on tithes and festivals, and the haftarah from 1 Kings on Solomon’s blessing.12,13

סמלים וחפצים

מנהגאשכנזים

The festival has no object of its own; its “symbol” is the plea for rain. In some congregations the cantor wears a white kittel, as on the High Holidays.

מנהגישראל

Torah scrolls come to the fore in Israel, where people dance with the Torah on the same day.

מאכלים מסורתיים

מנהג עממיאשכנזים⁂ לאימות

There are no established dishes specific to Shemini Atzeret; the festive Sukkot cuisine with its stuffed dishes continues. Some Ashkenazi families serve kreplach.

הבדלים בין הקהילות

הלכהישראלתפוצות

In Israel Shemini Atzeret is also Simchat Torah (one day); in the diaspora these are two days (22 and 23 Tishrei).

נוהג מודרניתפוצות

Reform congregations in the diaspora usually follow the Israeli calendar and celebrate both festivals on one day.

המסורת בארצות צ׳כיה

מנהגארצות צ׳כיה⁂ לאימות

As diaspora communities, Czech communities follow the two-day scheme: Shemini Atzeret on 22 Tishrei and Simchat Torah on 23 Tishrei.

לילדים

Shemini Atzeret is like “stay just a little longer” at the end of a long celebration. After a week in the sukkah, people pray for rain to come on time in Israel.

שאלות נפוצות

Is Shemini Atzeret part of Sukkot?

It follows on from it, but according to the Talmud it is a festival in its own right: the four species are not taken, and in Israel people do not sit in the sukkah.

Why is the prayer for rain said now?

The rainy season begins in the Land of Israel; the plea for rain is not said during Sukkot so that rain does not spoil the time spent in the sukkah.

What is the difference between Shemini Atzeret and Simchat Torah?

In Israel they are the same day. In the diaspora Shemini Atzeret is on 22 Tishrei and Simchat Torah on 23 Tishrei.

Do people sit in the sukkah on Shemini Atzeret?

Not in Israel. In the diaspora many do, but without the blessing; customs vary.⁂ לאימות

מקורות

קשרים