צומות
Tenth of Tevetעֲשָׂרָה בְּטֵבֵת
1 day – from dawn until nightfall · 10 Tevet
- מקרא
- הלכה
- מנהג
- מנהג עממי
- נוהג מודרני
- פרשנות
- הגייה
- asa-RA be-TE-vet
- משך
- 1 day – from dawn until nightfall
התרגום לעברית בהכנה. מוצג הטקסט המקורי.
ב־60 שניות
The Tenth of Tevet recalls the day on which King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon began the siege of Jerusalem. The siege led to the breaching of the walls, the destruction of the Temple and exile. It is the earliest link in the chain of events that culminates on Tisha B'Av, and so the fast is seen as the beginning of the catastrophe. It is a minor fast from dawn until nightfall. It is the only fast that can fall on a Friday; under the fixed calendar it never falls on Shabbat. After the Second World War the Israeli Chief Rabbinate also designated it as the day of general kaddish for victims of the Shoah whose date of death is unknown.
השנה
מתי חוגגים
מתחיל
יום ראשון, 20 בדצמבר 2026, בעלות השחר (06:10)
מסתיים
יום ראשון, 20 בדצמבר 2026, בצאת הכוכבים (16:57)
יום אחד
מתחיל
יום ראשון, 9 בינואר 2028, בעלות השחר (06:13)
מסתיים
יום ראשון, 9 בינואר 2028, בצאת הכוכבים (17:14)
יום אחד
מתחיל
יום חמישי, 28 בדצמבר 2028, בעלות השחר (06:13)
מסתיים
יום חמישי, 28 בדצמבר 2028, בצאת הכוכבים (17:03)
יום אחד
זמנים עבור פראג · תפוצות
היסטוריה ומקורות
In the ninth year of the reign of Zedekiah, in the tenth month, on the tenth day of the month, Nebuchadnezzar came against Jerusalem with his whole army and besieged it.1,2,3
After 1948 the Israeli Chief Rabbinate declared 10 Tevet the "day of general kaddish" (yom ha-kaddish ha-klali) for victims of the Shoah whose date of death is unknown.
משמעות דתית
Some medieval commentators point to Ezekiel's words "write down the name of this day" and infer from them the exceptional gravity of the day; there is even an opinion that this fast would be kept on Shabbat.6
מסורות עיקריות
The day has a subdued character: penitential prayers are said, and in Israel memorial events are held with the recitation of kaddish and psalms.
איך נוהגים
A minor fast: no eating or drinking from dawn until nightfall. The other restrictions of Tisha B'Av do not apply. According to the Shulchan Arukh, the fast should be accompanied by repentance and self-examination, not hunger alone.7
If 10 Tevet falls on a Friday, the fast continues until nightfall and Shabbat is welcomed while fasting.
תפילות וברכות
Anenu in the Amidah, selichot, Avinu Malkeinu (except on Friday afternoon) and the reading of Exodus 32 and 34 at the afternoon prayer, as on the other minor fasts.8
סמלים וחפצים
The day has no objects of its own; in Israel it is associated with lighting memorial candles for victims of the Shoah.
מאכלים מסורתיים
There are no established special dishes.
הבדלים בין הקהילות
The day of general kaddish has been adopted mainly by Israeli and traditional communities; in the diaspora, victims of the Shoah are remembered rather on Yom HaShoah or on 27 January.
המסורת בארצות צ׳כיה
No particular customs are documented for the Czech setting; general practice follows the Ashkenazi rite.
לילדים
Long ago a foreign army surrounded Jerusalem. Jews remember this day by fasting. It is the first of the sad days that led to the destruction of the Temple.
שאלות נפוצות
Why fast for the siege and not only for the destruction?
Tradition sees the start of the siege as the beginning of the catastrophe that then led to the breaching of the walls (17 Tammuz) and the destruction of the Temple (9 Av).
Can 10 Tevet fall on Shabbat?
No. In the fixed Jewish calendar this is not possible; it can, however, fall on a Friday.
What is the day of general kaddish?
A day on which kaddish is recited in Israel for victims of the Shoah whose date of death is unknown to their relatives.⁂ לאימות